ABSTRACT Right to the city is one of the most important citizenship rights that can be reduced for women under different circumstances. In this mixed research, with in-depth and semi-structured interviews, a conceptual Model has been presented to explain the causal, contextual and interventional conditions effectively reducing women's right to the city. Then, with the structural equation Modeling, the causal conditions affecting the right to the city have been investigated. Family, ethnicity, and physical and mental conditions were the most important background conditions that 32 women living in Ahvaz pointed to in order to influence the right to the city. Also, the participants considered politics and government institutions, law, and spatial policies as the most important intervention in the women's right to the city. City security, favorable actions with the city space, space-positive gender performance, and social welfare were among the most important causal conditions that the participants mentioned in increasing women's right to the city. Causal Modeling showed that the most influential reason for reducing women's right to the city of Ahvaz is urban space security, followed by urban policies and designs. By multiplying the causal path, it is 0.84, followed by urban planning and design with a coefficient of 0.79. Governmental and executive institutions should pay more attention to women's right to the city through the establishment of better laws, the design of suitable spaces with individual differences, especially gender, and, of course, with an emphasis on women. The creation of safer places in the city for women while increasing the livability of the city for citizens improves women's rights in urban spaces Extended abstract Introduction The right to the city is a universal right consisting of several instances. Since the right to the city enables the city inhabitants to access and enjoy the urban life benefits freely, it is tantamount to the right to freedom. The right to the city, the right to freedom of building and rebuilding cities, is one of the most valuable and, at the same time, the most neglected human rights. Among governments, NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) and political activists in all scales, the right to the city is often conceived in a legal meaning. In this sense, the right to city includes a set of distinct rights to urban resources and services, shelter, public space, clean water, and education that must be available to all, regardless of social or economic status, the bearers of such rights are urban dwellers and their guarantor is the government. This legal conception of the right to the city emphasizes universal and individual rights in the global liberal institutional order. The ultimate normative purpose of a legal right to the city is that the government legally encodes and enforces the set of rights constituting the right to the city. Justice and equality have been considered since long ago; however, injustice and discrimination are still visible in cities. Among all kinds of injustices and discrimination, gender equality has been a subject marginalized in all ages. In Iran, the need for urban spaces for women in accordance with the civil needs of citizens in daily life is felt. In Iran, factors such as various types of urban violence and insecurity, which generally make women victims, have reduced the possibility and desire for their presence and participation in public. Because the spatial, temporal, official and unofficial divisions in the city have caused some spaces to remain far from the reach of women. In this research, we intend to deal with the most important factors that cause women not to enjoy one of their most essential human rights, which is the right to the city.   Methodology This research, which is practical in terms of purpose, has been done with a confirmatory mixed method; first, it tried to present the most important contextual, interventional, and causal factors effective in reducing the right to the city of women in the form of a conceptual Model by the approach of grounded theory, and then confirming the defined causal structure with the help of structural equations Modeling. The population in this research is Iranian women who are exposed to gender injustice and do not have the right to a desirable city. Research participants have a deep experience of undermining their right to the city and are interested in sharing it and cooperating with the researcher. Sampling was purposefully selected from women with the least amount of the right to the city. The qualitative sample of the research was 32 people, and the quantitative sample was 420 people. Due to the mixed nature of the research and the use of the data-driven theory approach and, afterwards, structural equations to collect the data, the interview was used in the qualitative phase and questionnaires in the quantitative phase. The interviews were done in-depth, face-to-face and semi-structured. The open-ended interview questions were conducted in a calm environment without the presence of a third person, and the time of the interviews varied according to the conditions of the interviewee. The questionnaire used in the research has ascertained an instrument that evaluates the contextual and causal components and factors related to the right to the city in the form of self-declaration items. The data obtained from the interview, after being implemented in the form of text, were analyzed and classified with the help of directed content Analysis. In order to investigate the causal structure of the right to the city, structural equation Modeling would have been helpful. Analyzes were performed with the help of LISREL 8.8. To estimate the causal path coefficients, the iterated maximum likelihood method was used and the overall fit of the causal structure Model of women’s right to the city was carried out by Chi-square statistic. And, of course, the most important fit indexes of the Model, such as absolute fit indexes, incremental fit indexes and Parsimonious Normed Fit Indexes (PNFI).   Results and discussion Directed content Analysis helped us to identify the factors reducing the right to the city and its subclasses of Iranian women. Conditions affecting women's right to the city are divided into underlying conditions, causal conditions, and intervening conditions. The most critical underlying conditions were family, age, ethnicity, and physical and mental characteristics. At the same time, environment security, urban actions, social welfare, and space gender functions constituted the essential intervening conditions, and politics, governmental institutions, law, and city spatial policies included the most important intervening conditions. Causal Modeling also showed that the factors influencing women's right to the city are the most influential to the least influential in the form of (1) security of the city environment, (2) urban policy-making, (3) gender function of space, and (4) interaction with the city. Security is one of the most important and influential factors that can decrease or increase the right to the city for women.   Conclusion The right to the city, which is considered one of the most fundamental rights of citizens, is trampled or reaches its lowest level due to underlying reasons such as the gender of individuals or their families. In this case, women are more vulnerable than the men. In such a way, causal conditions such as environmental security or urban actions and, of course, welfare have made this gender difference in the use of city space deeper and more complicated. Meanwhile, the role of governments and sovereignty in legislation and policies should not be neglected to reduce the right to city for women. Our explicit suggestion is for governmental institutions and executive agencies to pay more attention to women’s right to the city through the establishment of better laws, the design of more suitable spaces in the city, the design of urban spaces away from any gender discrimination only with the view of equal access for all and the creation of safer places for the women living in Ahvaz.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Curriculum as the backbone of the educational system is one of the important factors in creating fundamental changes in the higher education system; The purpose of this research is to explain the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education Model from the Islamic point of view and  the Leader, so that it can be used to examine the curriculum of architecture education in terms of the realization of entrepreneurship components in students. The method of the current research is a mixed exploratory one, which in the qualitative part, by examining the views of the Leader in his articles, books and speeches, descriptive propositions of his thought regarding the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education were extracted with the implication research method. In the quantitative part, the data was analyzed using structural equation method and using SPSS20 and smart PLS software. The findings showed that the Model of entrepreneurship from the Leader'spoint of view can be divided into four main pillars: vision, knowledge, skill and business. And each of these main pillars overlaps with the Model of effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in architecture curriculum. In this way, architecture higher education centers can, in addition to creating entrepreneurship curricula in the field of architecture, by identifying the potentials in the curricula of this field, strengthen the strengths and eliminate the weaknesses in them. This Model, while providing the conditions for the realization of entrepreneurship education in academic fields, provides the context for the implementation of a local Model in the light of Islamic orders.

Purpose: The flourishing of political parties and currents is one of the signs of the degree of development in societies. In contemporary Iran and since the formation of the constitutional movement, political currents have gone through many ups and downs and it can be said that political currents in Iran after the Islamic Revolution have not yet reached the stage of institutionalization and stability. A characteristic feature of political currents in Iran is the divergence and division among political currents in recent decades, and this can be one of the reasons for the instability and cross-sectional and seasonal activity of political parties in Iran. Therefore, the necessity of leading research seeks to answer the question of how factors and divergence among political currents in Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution can be analyzed? And what are the scenarios for the advancement of political currents in Iran?Method: To answer this question, the method of causal-layer Analysis, which is one of the qualitative methods in futures research, has been used.Findings: The research findings indicate that this divergence is due to a wide range of reasons from the level of causal systems (from the institutionalization of power to the formation of parties as elitist initiatives), worldview and discourse (from charismatic political authority to culture). Subsidiary-follower politics to myth-metaphor (Iranian individualism to belief in a strong state-weak society) can be analyzed.Conclusions: Three scenarios for the future of Iranian political currents can be considered: integration of currents as the security valve of the political system, the collapse of political currents in the traditional form, integration and consolidation in new social movements (virtualized parties).

Objective: People who have higher social health can more successfully deal with the challenges and ups and downs of playing key social roles and participate more in collective activities and prevent social deviations and anomalies. In this regard, foresight and the development of a forward-looking strategy Model by the media can play an important role in promoting the social health of their audience (individuals).Method: This research has been done qualitatively and quantitatively. In the qualitative phase, content Analysis and Q methods were used, and in the quantitative phase, factor Analysis was used to analyze the Q method data.Results: The content Analysis of the media in this study showed that the most media production in the field of social deviations with 576 cases and the lowest media production in the field of violence with 237 cases. The field of social quality with 485 and the field of social issues with 312 cases are in the second and third ranks. A small questionnaire was made and based on it, the desired Model was designed using PLS software. Conclusion: This Model showed that the function of media is effective in promoting social health of society and can have the greatest impact on improving quality of life, reducing violence, reducing social deviations and social issues.

Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop simulation Models which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The Model was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to Model evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed Model was calibrated and run for simulation. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the Model can strongly predict wheat development stages.

Recognition and understanding the genetic control of traits, combining ability and genetic structure are directly related to the success of breeding programs. For this purpose, a 7 × 7 one-way diallel design was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits were included plant height, height to the first capsule, number of days to 50% and 90% of flowering, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of days to physiological ripening, number of branches, leaves number and length, 1000-seeds weight, capsule weight, length and width, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, biological andeconomic yields, harvest index, oil and protein percentage. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes and diallel Analysis showed that the additive variance of all traits and dominant variance of all traits except height to the first fruit-bearing capsule were significant. The oltan cultivar was the best and Ardestan genotype was the worst genotype in terms of general combining ability. Sabzevar×TS-3 and Sirjan×Fars were the best hybrids in most traits. The general heritability was between 0.90 to 0.96 for biologic yield and number of branches, respectively and narrow heritability was between 0.36 to 0.91 for the number of branches and harvest index, respectively. The Analysis of variance by Hayman method confirmed the results of Griffing Analysis.